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thanks

Thanks and acknowledgments

Thank you to my History of Science supervisors Jagyoseni Mandal and Ethan Friederich, as well as my Biological Sciences supervisor Professor Stephen Harris from the University of Oxford Department of Plant Sciences.

 

Thank you to Dr Erica Charters and Dr Martin Robert for running our history discussion group, and teaching the critical analysis and perspectives that helped me read history of science, as well as helped me shape my understanding of science as a whole.

 

Thank you to my cohort - Adil Mian, Sara Borghi, Samy Benaferi, and Yayan Tan - for all the incredible discussions that shaped this project.

 

And finally, a huge thank you to Joanne Knights for organising this project.

references

Further Reading and References

I. Coffee

 

American Chemical Society. (2007, August 22). Battling Bitter Coffee: Chemists Identify Roasting As The Main Culprit. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 23, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070821143629.htm

Beşi̇roğlu, Ş Ş. (N.D.). Music, Identity, Gender: Çengi̇s, Köçeks, Çöçeks. Itu Tm State Conservatory Musicology Department. https://transreads.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2019-03-17_5c8ed21b1680f_sehvar-besiroglu-music-identity-gender-cengis-koceks-coceks.pdf

 

Catholic Physician's Guilds. (1961). That Inspiring Cup of Dark, Delicious Coffee was Prized as a Medicine in Ancient Times. The Linacre Quarterly, 28(4), 3rd ser. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3965&context=lnq

 

del Castillo MD, Ames JM, Gordon MH. Effect of roasting on the antioxidant activity of coffee brews. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Jun 19;50(13):3698-703. doi: 10.1021/jf011702q. PMID: 12059145. 

 

ECSS (2019). Esayas Mendesil, Gezahegn Berecha, Getachew WeldeMichael,

Kifle Belachew and Taye Kufa (Eds.). Proceedings of the Ethiopian Coffee

Science Society (ECSS): Enhancing Coffee Science and Technology for

Sustainable Development in Ethiopia. Inaugural Conference Held on 7 & 8

April 2017, Jimma, Ethiopia, P 292.

 

Etienne, H., Anthony, F., Dussert, S. et al. Biotechnological applications for the improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 38, 129–138 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2001273

 

Faroqhi, S. (1981). Recent Work In The Social And Economic History Of The Ottoman Empire (1450-1800). Trends in History, 2(3), 15-33. doi:10.1300/j265v02n03_02. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1300/J265v02n03_02?casa_token=qjudstfeQx8AAAAA:UXaAONbz11W-BV_ivShk4I-pyuYLSR_5gYxBDSMbWL7qS5M1N2gaY3ChQEhPQVQtBjYUW8ReKJs

Fregulia, J. M. (2019). Rich and Tantalizing Brew: A History of How Coffee Connected the World. University of Arkansas Press.

 

Ferreira, T., Shuler, J., Guimarães, R., & Farah, A. (2019). Introduction to Coffee Plant and Genetics. Coffee: Production, Quality and Chemistry. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/chapterhtml/2019/bk9781782620044-00001.

 

Gómez-Salcedo Y., Oliva-Merencio D., Rodríguez-Díaz J.M., Pereda-Reyes I. (2021) Contribution of the Environmental Biotechnology to the Sustainability of the Coffee Processing Industry in Developing Countries. In: Maddela N.R., García Cruzatty L.C., Chakraborty S. (eds) Advances in the Domain of Environmental Biotechnology. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8999-7_21

Haynes, Brittany Giselle, "Performing Modernity in Turkey: Conflicts of Masculinity, Sexuality, and the Köçek Dancer" (2014). CUNY Academic Works.

https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/141

 

Jurgen Pohlan, H. A., & Janssens, M. J. (n.d.). Growth And Production Of Coffee. Soils, Plant Growth And Crop Production, 3. Retrieved August 5, 2021, from https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c10/E1-05A-32-00.pdf 

 

Karayanni, S. S. (2004). Dancing Fear and Desire Race, Sexuality, and Imperial Politics in Middle Eastern Dance. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=InjIw3lWQTUC&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=coffeehouse+k%C3%B6%C3%A7ek&source=bl&ots=OZ62CUZFTF&sig=ACfU3U1vja2Swxv3lLC0UDw75RJByS8CsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidlfPv5sXyAhXHiVwKHS4dD-UQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&q=coffeehouse%20k%C3%B6%C3%A7ek&f=false

Kâtip, C., & Lewis, G. (1957). The balance of truth. London: Allen and Unwin.

 

Kim, Inyong & Jung, Sunyoon & Kim, Eunkyung & Lee, Jin-Wook & Chan, • & Kim, Yang & Ha, Jung-Heun & Jeong, Yoonhwa. (2021). Physicochemical characteristics of Ethiopian Coffea arabica cv. Heirloom coffee extracts with various roasting conditions. Food Science and Biotechnology. 30. 10.1007/s10068-020-00865-w.

 

Küçükkömürler, S., & Özgen, L. (2009). Coffee and Turkish coffee culture. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(10), 1693-1700

Murray, S. O. (2004). Turkey. GLGBTQ Inc. http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/turkey_S.pdf 

Özkoçak, S. A. (2007). Coffehouses: Rethinking the Public and Private in Early Modern Istanbul. Journal of Urban History, 33(6), 965–986. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144207304018

 

Pendergrast, M. (2019). Uncommon grounds: The history of coffee and how it transformed our world. New York: Basic Books. Retrieved from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/pendergrast-grounds.html

 

Ribeiro, S. I. (2002). Documentos 78: Agronegocio do Cafe na Para. 1o Seminario Internacional Do Agronegocio Do Cafe Na Amazonia. Retrieved August 5, 2021, from https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/406736/1/p50.pdf

 

Selwood, D. (n.d.). Nestlé unveils two new lower-carbon coffee bean varieties ... Retrieved from https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/sustainability-and-environment/nestle-unveils-two-new-lower-carbon-coffee-bean-varieties/655280.article

Sherren, J. (n.d.). Ottoman Coffee and Arts: Expressions of Homoeroticism and The Homosocial Space in the Middle Period of the Ottoman Empire by Joe Sherren. Art History Graduate Association: Second Annual Research Symposium. https://www.academia.edu/11846901/Ottoman_Coffee_and_Arts_Expressions_of_Homoeroticism_and_The_Homosocial_Space_in_the_Middle_Period_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_by_Joe_Sherren

 

Smith, G. (1995). The plants of Pehr Forsskal's “Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica” Collected on the Royal Danish Expedition to Egypt and the Yemen 1761–1763. By F. Nigel Hepper and I. Friis. pp. xii, 400, front., 29 figs. Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, in association with the Botanical Museum, Copenhagen, 1994 £1500. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 5(2), 289-290. doi:10.1017/S1356186300015595 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/plants-of-pehr-forsskals-flora-aegyptiacoarabica-collected-on-the-royal-danish-expedition-to-egypt-and-the-yemen-17611763-by-hepper-f-nigel-and-friis-i-pp-xii-400-front-29-figs-kew-royal-botanic-gardens-in-association-with-the-botanical-museum-copenhagen-1994-1500/995391435D05FC7560E4162AF25584DB 

 

Teketay, D. (n.d.). History, Botany, and Ecological Requirements of Coffee. Walia, 20. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00837059_213.

 

Topik, S. (2009). Coffee as a Social Drug. Cultural Critique, (71), 81-106. Retrieved August 5, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25475502

 

Tziovas, D. (2003). Greece and the Balkans: Identities, perceptions and cultural encounters since the Enlightenment. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VTErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=coffeehouse+k%C3%B6%C3%A7ek&source=bl&ots=3OPmpklNju&sig=ACfU3U2A4oKks2m5vxyIdIoRLdngd4bkNw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidlfPv5sXyAhXHiVwKHS4dD-UQ6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=coffeehouse%20k%C3%B6%C3%A7ek&f=false

Weinberg, Bennett Alan; Bealer, Bonnie K. (2001). The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug. New York: Routledge. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-415-92722-2. Retrieved August 5, 2021, from https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_World_of_Caffeine.html?id=YdpL2YCGLVYC&redir_esc=y

 

Willis, W., & Johnson, M. (2020). Political Ecology of Shade Coffee: Perspectives from Jamaican Blue Mountain Farmers. Conservation & Society, 18(3), 280-292. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26937768

 

Yılmaz, Birsen; Acar-Tek, Nilüfer; Sözlü, Saniye (2017-12-01). "Turkish cultural heritage: a cup of coffee". Journal of Ethnic Foods. 4 (4): 213–220. doi:10.1016/j.jef.2017.11.003

 

Zaimeche, S. (2003). The Coffee Trail: A Muslim Beverage Exported to the West (S. Al-Hassani, Ed.). Foundation for Science, Technology, and Civilisation, (4042). Retrieved August 5, 2021, from https://www.selaco.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Geschiedenis-van-de-koffie.pdf.


Zein, Z. M. (2021) The origins of coffee in Asia. Kontinentalist. Retrieved from https://kontinentalist.com/stories/are-coffee-trade-markets-in-asia-sustainable-and-ethical

 

 

II. Yerba mate

 

Butler, William Mill. Yerba maté tea: the history of its early discovery in Paraguay. 1900. 

 

Burris, Kellie & Harte, F.M. & Davidson, P. & Jr, C.N. & Zivanovic, Svetlana. (2012). Composition and bioactive properties of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.): A review. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 72. 268-274.

 

Cabral, Hugo & Coronel-Bejarano, Diana & Ruiz, Rodolfo & Cañete, Lucas & Brítez, Evelyn & Rojas Bonzi, Viviana. (2020). Living in the shadows: Diversity of amphibians, reptiles and birds in shade‐grown yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) plantations. Austral Ecology. 10.1111/aec.12942.

 

CROCITTI, J. (2002). THE INTERNAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE JESUIT MISSIONS AMONG THE GUARANÍ. International Social Science Review, 77(1/2), 3-15. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41887086

 

Cheney, R. (1947). The Biology and Economics of the Beverage Industry. Economic Botany, 1(3), 243-275. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4251857 

 

Coelho, Geraldo. (2017). Ecosystem services in Brazilian's southern agroforestry systems. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 20. 475-492.

 

Day, S. & Montagnini, Florencia & Eibl, Beatriz. (2011). Effects of native trees in agroforestry systems on the soils and yerba mate in Misiones, Argentina. Agroforestry as a Tool for Landscape Restoration. 99-11.

 

Fochesatto, Ana, "Yerba Mate: National Project to Emerging Superfood" (2019). Theses and Dissertations.

1136.

https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/1136 

 

FOLCH, C. (2010). Stimulating Consumption: Yerba Mate Myths, Markets, and Meanings from Conquest to Present. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 52(1), 6-36. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40603070 

 

Gauer, L., Cavalli-Molina, S. Genetic variation in natural populations of maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae) using RAPD markers. Heredity 84, 647–656 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00687.x 

 

Gustavo C. Giberti, & Bonpland. (1990). Bonpland's Manuscript Name for the Yerba Mate and Ilex theezans C. Martius ex Reisseck (Aquifoliaceae). Taxon, 39(4), 663-665. doi:10.2307/1223390 

 

Heck, C. and De Mejia, E. (2007), Yerba Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis): A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Health Implications, and Technological Considerations. Journal of Food Science, 72: R138-R151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00535.x 

 

Izquierdo, A., De Angelo, C., & Aide, T. (2008). Thirty Years of Human Demography and Land-Use Change in the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina: An Evaluation of the Forest Transition Model. Ecology and Society, 13(2). Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/26267954

 

Joyce, T. (1934). 181. The Use and Origin of Yerba Mate. Man, 34, 161-162. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2790838 

 

Jamieson, R. (2001). The Essence of Commodification: Caffeine Dependencies in the Early Modern World. Journal of Social History, 35(2), 269-294. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3790189 

 

López, A. (1974). The Economics of Yerba Mate in Seventeenth-Century South America. Agricultural History, 48(4), 493-509. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3741386

 

Markowicz Bastos DH, Moura de Oliveira D, Teixeira Matsumoto RL, Carvalho P, Ribeiro ML. Yerba maté: Pharmacological Properties, Research and Biotechnology. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, Global Science Books 2007. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniela-Beltrame-2/publication/284040962_Yerba_mate_Pharmacological_Properties_Research_and_Biotechnology/links/53db8fbe0cf2a76fb667a4d4/Yerba-mate-Pharmacological-Properties-Research-and-Biotechnology.pdf 

 

Rakocevic, Miroslava & Janssens, Marc & Scherer, Rafael. (2012). Light responses and gender issues in the domestication process of yerba-mate, a sub-tropical evergreen.

 

Rodrigues, Naira & Bragagnolo, Neura. (2013). Identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in coffee brews by HPLC-DAD-MS. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 32. 105–115. 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.09.002.

 

Reber, V. (1985). Commerce and Industry in Nineteenth Century Paraguay: The Example of Yerba Mate. The Americas, 42(1), 29-53. doi:10.2307/1006706 

 

Riachi, Liza & Maria, C.A.B.. (2017). Yerba mate: An overview of physiological effects in humans. Journal of Functional Foods. 38. 308-320. 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.020.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464617305327?casa_token=AQD7NCIyl7EAAAAA:JWtNt4DUn3nbKL0gUDjWBO7DPocgVx2bz0H_CHJJgmSBdZBC9vTwqEqT1MK7ly46KJEhSoOp 

 

Reed, R. (1990). Developing the Mbaracayú Biosphere Reserve, Paraguay: Chiripá Indians and Sustainable Economies. Yearbook. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers, 16, 34-40. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25765721 

 

The YERBA MATE. Food of the devil or gift of god?Second International Conference on Food History and Food Studies. 2016.

 

TIMELINE: A story of Yerba Mate. (2021, July 20). Retrieved from https://www.earthstoriez.com/timeline-mate/ 

 

USE OF YERBA MATE IN PARAGUAY. (1919). Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 67(3476), 541-541. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41348008 

 

Walker, H. (1904). Yerba Mate. The British Medical Journal, 1(2250), 401-401. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20279554 

 

YERBA MATÉ, OR PARAGUAY TEA. (1910). Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 59(3027), 34-34. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41339404 


“Yerba Mate Plantations You Can Visit.” Matero, Matero, https://yerbamatero.com/blogs/guides/yerba-mate-plantations-you-can-visit.

 

 

III. General Science

 

Folger, T., & Cutler, P. B. (n.d.). The Next Green Revolution. Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/green-revolution/ 


Su, X. Z., & Miller, L. H. (2015). The discovery of artemisinin and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Science China. Life sciences, 58(11), 1175–1179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-015-4948-7

 
 
IV. Images
 

https://mendomatte.com/sites/default/files/mendo_mate_llc/media_division/maps/map_of_yerba_mate_growing_region_of_south_america.png 

 

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Alto_Paran%C3%A1_Atlantic_Forest.png/240px-Alto_Paran%C3%A1_Atlantic_Forest.png 

 

https://www.timemaps.com/history 

 

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fseasia.co%2F2018%2F01%2F27%2Fthe-coffee-belt-a-world-map-of-the-major-coffee-producers&psig=AOvVaw3LcJaBiEKKH4hsWc63ziyn&ust=1630021525376000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCOi2_8GtzfICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD 

 

https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/401293690634 

 

https://cdn-a.william-reed.com/var/wrbm_gb_food_pharma/storage/images/publications/food-beverage-nutrition/foodnavigator-latam.com/news/r-d/yerba-mate-linked-to-improved-mitochondrial-function-mouse-data/8798771-1-eng-GB/Yerba-mate-linked-to-improved-mitochondrial-function-Mouse-data.jpg

 

https://imgstaticcontent.lbb.in/lbbnew/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/09/31221938/PlantationTrailsByTataCoffee-f.jpg 

 

https://uniquetimes.org/plantation-trails-by-tata-coffee-restores-the-thaneerhulla-bungalow/ 

 

https://uniquetimes.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Easy-Trip-Hero-Thaneerhulla.jpg 

 

https://seedempire.com/coffee-arabian-seeds-coffea-arabica-nana.html 

 

https://herbsandremedies.club/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Medicinal-Use-of-Mat%C3%A9-Ilex-Paraguariensis-syn-i-Paraguensis-Aquifoliaceae.png 

 

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GexLuB0NA0M/VTTW87ekcuI/AAAAAAAAHe4/N3LWGR04ceA/s1600/P4045434.jpg 

 

https://justtradeplnu.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/222.jpg 

 

https://www.leibniz-zmt.de/images/content/ueber-about-leibniz-center/Biolab/_Ueber_Uns_Struktur_Services_Tropenforschung_Biologielabor_Raum.jpg 

 

https://www.oberlin.edu/sites/default/files/styles/width_1160/public/content/facility/image/dye_lecture_hall.jpg


https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1309/5991/files/PIC_4_3A_Colombia_3A_coffee_blossom_and_fruit_600x600.jpg?v=1613374306

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_map_world_rivers.svg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_Map_Africa_surroundings_equirect.svg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_LDS_Temple_South_America_Map

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